01. A type of cyberattack where malicious actors use deceptive emails or messages to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information.

Spoofing Phishing Malware Sniffing

02. What term refers to any potential danger or harmful event that can exploit vulnerabilities and negatively impact security?

Threat Risk Vulnerability Attack

03. Which of the following defines the probability of a threat exploiting a vulnerability and the potential consequences it could cause?

Impact Risk Breach Incident

04. What security mechanism acts as a barrier to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules?

Router Firewall Switch VPN

05. The process of converting plaintext into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access is called:

Encoding Obfuscation Encryption Masking

06. What type of attack relies on manipulating individuals into revealing confidential information or performing specific actions for malicious purposes?

Brute-force attack Phishing Social Engineering Keylogging

07. A decoy system or network created to lure and study cyber attackers is known as:

Honeypot Sandbox Firewall Blackhole

08. What term describes a security vulnerability in software or hardware that is unknown to the vendor and has no available fix at the time of discovery?

Exploit Kit Zero-day Vulnerability Logic Bomb Trojan

09. The practice of intercepting and analyzing data packets on a network, often used to gather sensitive information, is known as:

Packet Flooding Network Sniffing Data Mining Port Scanning

10. What term refers to weaknesses or gaps in a system’s security that can be exploited by threats?

Risk Vulnerability Patch Firewall

11. What is virtualization?

Physical server installation Running multiple OS on a single physical machine Buying more hardware Using only one application per server

12. Which of the following is a benefit of virtualization?

Increased hardware cost Lower resource utilization Improved resource efficiency Slower application performance

13. One key benefit of virtualization is:

Server sprawl Faster disaster recovery Slower backups Inflexibility

14. Which component is abstracted in server virtualization?

Network cables Physical server hardware Monitor Mouse and keyboard

15. Which of the following is a cost-saving benefit of virtualization?

More IT staff Less server consolidation Reduced power and cooling costs More physical space needed